Written by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated over a week ago. Each goal in Carbon uses the concepts of flexible dieting and energy balance to set your macro targets so you can be …Written by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated yesterday. The weekly check-in is where the app analyzes your macros, metabolism, and your weights for the week and makes any …Carbon Diet Coach. 8,474 likes · 72 talking about this. Simple. Scientific. Sustainable. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 溺 The smart, adaptable diet coachingPremium: $11.99 per month or $71.99 per year. If you’re watching this and thinking about making the switch, this is a very intriguing option, but I’ll save my overall thoughts and recommendations for the end. 4. Carbon Diet Coach. Continuing on with the trend of “smart” nutrition apps we have the Carbon Diet Coach.Written by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated over a week ago. Like many things, there are some misconceptions around what can be expected when completing a reverse diet that we find are important to touch on. Misconception 1: it's a weight loss diet.The smart diet coaching app ... Carbon Diet Coach. Carbon Diet Coach. The smart diet coaching app. Carbon: Your personalized nutrition coaching app. How Carbon works: A dieting approach that fits your lifestyle. Our Community: Build connections with like-minded individuals on their health journeys. Testimonials: Hear from Users and ExpertsCarbon is in read-only mode from these integrations and will not push any Carbon entered values into third-party apps. These values are used within Carbon and the coach as if you manually entered them into the app. Carbon will not sync body fat values if there is not an accompanying weight on that day.Softonic review. Manage Your Diet Plans with Carbon. Carbon is the nutrition coach that will last.Carbon is the first personalized nutrition coach for Google Play Store. What makes Carbon stand out is that it uses science to teach you how to make your own dietary plans that will last.Carbon does the work for you by matching your lifestyle to …THANK YOU FOR FOLLOWING MY CHANNEL!Here are some other ways we can stay in touch and links to products and services I mention in my videos:For daily quick ti...A mini-cut typically lasts 3-6 weeks and occurs during a weight gain or reverse dieting goal. We don't recommend having a mini-cut last longer than 6 weeks. After this point, it pretty much turns into a regular cut. One thing that makes a mini-cut unique vs. a short-term regular weight loss phase is that mini-cuts tend to be more aggressive in ... Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences) and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost. Simply select your goal, answer a few short questions, and it does the rest! Weekly adjustment to macros don’t seem right. Here are some common reasons that we see large fluctuations in calorie/macro targets during weekly check-in. Incorrect body weight entry. Incorrect body fat entry. Multiple goal changes in a short time period. Significant weight changes during the week. Only weighing in once per week. Carbon Diet Coach | 467 followers on LinkedIn. The smart, adaptable diet coaching app that will help you achieve long lasting results. | The smart diet coaching app created by nutrition experts to ... Carbon is in read-only mode from these integrations and will not push any Carbon entered values into third-party apps. These values are used within Carbon and the coach as if you manually entered them into the app. Carbon will not sync body fat values if there is not an accompanying weight on that day. Diet preferences allow you to fit Carbon into your lifestyle and way of eating. We currently support 5 options: Balanced (recommended): a pretty even split between carb and fat calories. Reduced-carb: lower ratio of carb calories in comparison to fat. Low-fat: lower fat calories in comparison to carbs. Plant-based: slightly lower protein and ...Carbon is in read-only mode from these integrations and will not push any Carbon entered values into third-party apps. These values are used within Carbon and the coach as if you manually entered them into the app. Carbon will not sync body fat values if there is not an accompanying weight on that day.Read reviews, compare customer ratings, see screenshots and learn more about Carbon - Macro Coach & Tracker. Download Carbon - Macro Coach & Tracker and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch.Mar 4, 2024 · Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences) and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost. Simply select your goal, answer a few short questions, and it does the rest ... Updated over a week ago. Flexible dieting is an approach that provides macronutrient targets while allowing you to choose the foods you enjoy to reach those targets. Unlike many diets, flexible dieting doesn't label food good or bad. This mindset encourages a positive relationship with food and creates a more sustainable long-term lifestyle.How Carbon Works - How to Measure ... #carbondietcoach #joincarbon #dietcoach #dietcoachingapp #diet #iifym #ifitfitsyourmacros #macrotracking #flexibledieting #howto #waistmeasurement. Like. Comment. Share. 3 · 427 views. Carbon Diet CoachWritten by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated over a week ago. Maintenance Calories (MC) are the number of calories that it takes to maintain your body weight. MC can be a good metric to know, which is why we display it so that each Carbon member understands where their current metabolism and metabolic rate are at and how it is improving.Written by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated over a week ago. Display Preferences is where you will be able to choose: Weight unit. Energy unit. Energy display. Theme display. To access the display preferences feature, go to settings -> Display Preferences. Weight unit. Generally, meat, poultry, and fish weigh 25% less after cooking. Foods like rice, pasta, potatoes, and quinoa will absorb water and largely increase volume. To be as accurate as possible, you should weigh foods raw, especially carbohydrates that absorb water in the cooking process. If you prefer to cook foods in large quantities to plan for the ... All you have to do is give the entry a name, enter the macros, and add it to your diary. From there, Carbon will automatically calculate the calories for you. It's that simple! To use the quick add feature, tap the 3 small gray circles on the meal you want to add to > select "quick add," > enter the macros, and hit Add To Diary.Whether your goal is to lose fat, build muscle, improve your metabolism, or simply maintain your weight, Carbon Diet Coach removes the guesswork. Carbon Diet Coach is a …How Carbon Works - How to Measure ... #carbondietcoach #joincarbon #dietcoach #dietcoachingapp #diet #iifym #ifitfitsyourmacros #macrotracking #flexibledieting #howto #waistmeasurement. Like. Comment. Share. 3 · 427 views. Carbon Diet CoachCarbon is in read-only mode from these integrations and will not push any Carbon entered values into third-party apps. These values are used within Carbon and the coach as if you manually entered them into the app. Carbon will not sync body fat values if there is not an accompanying weight on that day.Go to Carbon Diet Coach. English. All Collections. Using Carbon. Coaching. Coaching. By Carbon 1 author 3 articles. How to check in. How to view previous check-ins. The importance of compliance ... I recently started using Renaissance Periodazation’s app “RP Diet” and highly recommend. There’s a free 2week trial. You input your weekly schedule, and it asks you your activity level and schedule each day and how many meals you want each day. Then you plan your meals as you want, and the app can help recommend amounts of food to hit ... Nov 19, 2020 · Inside Look At Carbon Diet App ($9.99 / month) – Midwest Meals. New Flavors of Whey Protein: Creamy Vanilla & Deluxe Chocolate with Real Oreo® Pieces. ★★★★★. With 2020 coming to a close, there have been some significant behavioral changes to the way a lot of us live our lives. Instead of heading to the office in the morning, moving ... Written by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated over a week ago. There are two scenarios where the app will not allow you to adjust the calorie planner. Scenario #1 Your current check-in period is greater than 7 days. The calorie planner only works in 7-day increments.Updated over a week ago. If you want to permanently delete your account and all of its data, you can visit Settings > Support > Delete Your Account. Below are the steps in detail. Step 1: Visit the settings tab and tap on "Support". Step 2: Tap on "Delete Your Account". Step 3: Enter the email address you would like an account deletion ...mobile app, video recording | 289 views, 14 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Carbon Diet Coach: What are refeeds and how...Simple. Scientific. Sustainable.🧬 The smart, adaptable diet coaching app that will help you achieve long lasting results.Step 1: where to change your goal. There are two places you can go to change your goal. Go to settings -> coach settings -> goal. Go to the coach tab > change goal. The coach will ask, "are you sure you want to change your goal?" Make sure you are ready. This can't be undone without help from the support team.How to create a food. 6 (optional): Input other nutritional information (ex: trans fat, fiber, sugar, vitamin A, etc.) 7: Click "create" in the top right corner. Once you have finished creating your food, Carbon will ask if you wish to add this food to your diary. To add it right then, select yes.Overview. MacroFactor is a nutrition logging app that serves as a built-in coach. It works by estimating a user’s calorie and macronutrient targets based on their goals (weight gain, …2.41K reviews. 100K+. Downloads. Everyone. info. About this app. arrow_forward. Carbon Diet Coach is your nutrition solution for results that LAST. Whether your goal is to lose … Each goal in Carbon uses the concepts of flexible dieting and energy balance to set your macro targets so you can be successful. There are four goals you can choose from: weight loss, weight gain, maintenance, and reverse diet. Here is some direction to help you decide which goal is best for you. Go to Carbon Diet Coach. English. Go to Carbon Diet Coach. English. All Collections. Goals. Reverse Dieting. Reverse Dieting. By Carbon 1 author 6 articles. Explaining reverse dieting goal. Reverse dieting misconceptions. Reverse dieting tips. Signs it might be time to switch your reverse diet goal.The main purpose of a reverse diet is to improve your metabolism. It will put you in a slight surplus and increase your calories slowly over time. If you gain over the allowable amount, the coach will hold your calories. The main purpose of a weight gain goal is to gain a certain amount of weight per week. It will increase your calories based ...Carbon Diet Coach provides individualized and optimized macro targets to help you efficiently and effectively attain your fitness goals: its easy-to-use tracking interface …On this page you can download Carbon - Macro Coach & Tracker and install on Windows PC. Carbon - Macro Coach & Tracker is free Health & Fitness app, developed by Reform LLC. Latest version of Carbon - Macro Coach & Tracker is 2.60.2353, was released on 2024-03-16 (updated on 2024-01-18). Estimated number of the downloads is … Tips and information to help you get up and running with Carbon Diet Coach. By Carbon 1 author 10 articles. Goals. How to determine, create and assess what Carbon ... Overview. MacroFactor is a nutrition logging app that serves as a built-in coach. It works by estimating a user’s calorie and macronutrient targets based on their goals (weight gain, …Same app, new look! | Carbon Diet Coach. We're excited to announce that we've launched a new brand identity, including a refreshed logo, updated color palette, and app … If you find yourself in a position where cardio levels are higher than you would consistently like them, slowly drop them or "wean them out." This can be done in many different ways. Such as, Decreasing steady-state cardio by 15-30 minutes each week. Dropping steps by 2-3,000 every week. Carbon: Your personalized nutrition coaching app How Carbon works: A dieting approach that fits your lifestyle Our Community: Build connections with like-minded individuals on … Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences) and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost. Updated over a week ago. Flexible dieting is an approach that provides macronutrient targets while allowing you to choose the foods you enjoy to reach those targets. Unlike many diets, flexible dieting doesn't label food good or bad. This mindset encourages a positive relationship with food and creates a more sustainable long-term lifestyle.It is common to see an increase in weight due to bloating and inflammation during your period. The amount or severity of this can vary depending on the person, but having a 1-2 or even 5+ pound weight change due to having your period is very normal. Don't freak out. Carbon has a period feature to help with this. Read this article to learn how ...To upgrade or downgrade. Under “modify your subscription,” you can choose one of the following options for upgrading or downgrading. Monthly - $9.99 USD (billed monthly) 6 months - $49.99 USD (billed semi-annually) Yearly - $79.99 USD (billed yearly) Note: Subscription changes go into effect after your current subscription expires.Generally, meat, poultry, and fish weigh 25% less after cooking. Foods like rice, pasta, potatoes, and quinoa will absorb water and largely increase volume. To be as accurate as possible, you should weigh foods raw, especially carbohydrates that absorb water in the cooking process. If you prefer to cook foods in large quantities to plan for the ...💪 For the last two months, I have been using the Carbon App to help me track my macros and reach my nutrition goals. In this video I will be giving you guys...Carbon is in read-only mode from these integrations and will not push any Carbon entered values into third-party apps. These values are used within Carbon and the coach as if you manually entered them into the app. Carbon will not sync body fat values if there is not an accompanying weight on that day.Trying to ‘eat back’ the calories you burn during exercise is a great way to NOT make progress. Carbon takes into account any exercise you are doing by manipulating your macros to reach the desired rate of progress each week. As long as you are hitting your macro targets and checking into the app regularly, it will adjust to find exactly ...Elevate your health journey with the Carbon Diet Coach app. Master your macros, maintain that calorie deficit, and reach your fitness goals like never before. Take control … I recently started using Renaissance Periodazation’s app “RP Diet” and highly recommend. There’s a free 2week trial. You input your weekly schedule, and it asks you your activity level and schedule each day and how many meals you want each day. Then you plan your meals as you want, and the app can help recommend amounts of food to hit ... Nutrition Coach & Food TrackerGo to Carbon Diet Coach. English. Go to Carbon Diet Coach. English. All Collections. Goals. Reverse Dieting. Reverse Dieting. By Carbon 1 author 6 articles. Explaining reverse dieting goal. Reverse dieting misconceptions. Reverse dieting tips. Signs it might be time to switch your reverse diet goal.If you want to check out the podcast that I first heard of the app, you can find it here Dr Layne Norton: The Science of Eating for Health, Fat Loss ...YouTu... Step 2: After you reach your goal weight, switch your goal to a reverse diet to help recover your metabolic rate from dieting. At a minimum, we recommend spending half the time you spend on a diet on this goal. Step 3: Enjoy your vacation! You should have a pretty good metabolic rate and can continue reversing or go to maintenance. Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences) Holly Baxter (MS Dietetics) and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost. Simply select your goal answer a few short ...93 likes, 3 comments - carbondietcoachMarch 13, 2024 on : "Are you familiar with the Carbon Community? Our Facebook group is filled with incredible stories ...It works super well whether you're trying to lose weight, gain muscle, reverse diet, etc. Carbon user here - previously RP. I love carbon so much more. RP was too restrictive and unsustainable. Carbon is worth the $9.99 fee. Unless you’re a pro bodybuilder I don’t see how RP is sustainable.Carbon diet coach discussion. Attia, in his recent AMA, mentioned he was trying out Layne's Carbon diet coach app for macro tracking. I decided I'd test drive it too. ME & MY GOALS: I'm a recreational endurance cyclist. My body composition goal is to reduce my body fat percentage while maintaining muscle mass. I do a lot of cycling and 1 day of ...So which calorie counting, tracking, and diet app is best? Dr. Alo reviews his two favorite apps: MyFitnessPal and the Carbon Diet Coach. There is a clear wi...When you start taking creatine, hold off on completing your weekly check-in until your weight begins to stabilize, the increase in weight slows down, or your weight goes back to normal. This likely will only take 1-2 weeks. During that time, continue to stick to your current macros. If your weight increases and does not fall back close to your ...Elevate your health journey with the Carbon Diet Coach app. Master your macros, maintain that calorie deficit, and reach your fitness goals like never before. Take control of your health today – Join the Carbon family! Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences), Holly Baxter (MS Dietetics), and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost. Ask Layne your questions!A mini-cut typically lasts 3-6 weeks and occurs during a weight gain or reverse dieting goal. We don't recommend having a mini-cut last longer than 6 weeks. After this point, it pretty much turns into a regular cut. One thing that makes a mini-cut unique vs. a short-term regular weight loss phase is that mini-cuts tend to be more aggressive in ...THANK YOU FOR FOLLOWING MY CHANNEL!Here are some other ways we can stay in touch and links to products and services I mention in my videos:For daily quick ti...Has anyone used Carbon Diet Coach - is it any good for gaining? Yes I know I can use free myfitnesspal for tracking macros, but I recently saw Carbon Diet Coach (made by guru Layne Norton) which adjusts macros based on your progress and a few other factors. Anyone used it and found it to make gaining (or cutting) easier and more effective? 2. 2.Help. App Subscriptions. Find your perfect plan. Macro coaching for a fraction of the price of one-on-one coaching. Get started on your journey today. Monthly. $9.99. USD/mo. …Weekly adjustment to macros don’t seem right. Here are some common reasons that we see large fluctuations in calorie/macro targets during weekly check-in. Incorrect body weight entry. Incorrect body fat entry. Multiple goal changes in a short time period. Significant weight changes during the week. Only weighing in once per week.Go to Carbon Diet Coach. English. Go to Carbon Diet Coach. English. All Collections. Account. Account. Learn how to manage your account, subscription, and personal data. By Carbon 1 author 7 articles. Managing Your Profile. Subscription issues. How to permanently delete your account.Carbon diet coach discussion. Attia, in his recent AMA, mentioned he was trying out Layne's Carbon diet coach app for macro tracking. I decided I'd test drive it too. ME & MY GOALS: I'm a recreational endurance cyclist. My body composition goal is to reduce my body fat percentage while maintaining muscle mass. I do a lot of cycling and 1 day of ...It can increase negative symptoms of dieting such as: Fatigue. Hunger and appetite. Poor sleep. Decreased strength. Low mood and irritability. Increase risk of overeating or binge eating. If you can't eat to the prescribed targets, you can increase your rate of loss in the coach settings. This will reduce your macro targets since it will be a ...Nutrition Coach & Food Tracker Written by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated this week. We recommend weighing in every day! It is very normal for weight to fluctuate a lot from day today, anywhere from 1-5 pounds for many people, and sometimes even more. To help with this, the most accurate way to know your "true" weight is to weigh yourself every day and get a weekly average. Now that you understand the importance of compliance, why we ask you if you were compliant, let's jump into how to decide if you were compliant or not at check-in. If you use Carbon's built-in tracker, it will take your food entries and light up green for any target that you successfully hit. You will see this screen in 2 places. If you still ...Each goal in Carbon uses the concepts of flexible dieting and energy balance to set your macro targets so you can be successful. There are four goals you can choose from: weight loss, weight gain, maintenance, and reverse diet. Here is some direction to help you decide which goal is best for you.Softonic review. Manage Your Diet Plans with Carbon. Carbon is the nutrition coach that will last.Carbon is the first personalized nutrition coach for Google Play Store. What makes Carbon stand out is that it uses science to teach you how to make your own dietary plans that will last.Carbon does the work for you by matching your lifestyle to … There are multiple ways to enter body fat % into Carbon. During your weekly check-in (optional) Tapping the floating menu button in the bottom right corner of the diary tab and selecting "add weight." Tapping the coach tab and selecting the "add weight" button. Tapping the me tab, selecting the body fat, tapping the grey history button in the ... Written by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated over a week ago. Flexible dieting is not only a dieting strategy, it is also a LIFESTYLE change. Like most lifestyle changes, they don’t happen overnight, and we recognize this. Everyone starts in a different place depending on where they are in the learning process.Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences), Holly Baxter (MS Dietetics), and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost.Go to Carbon Diet Coach. English. Go to Carbon Diet Coach. English. All Collections. Account. Managing Your Profile. Refund policy. Refund policy. ... If you are unhappy with Carbon for any reason, you are eligible for a full refund within the first 48 hours your first-time subscription.Written by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated over a week ago. Like any lifestyle change, when you first start out, there will be some difficulties and growing pains that go along with learning the process. This goes for macro tracking as well. Here are 5 common tracking difficulties those new to tracking may encounter.
Go to Carbon Diet Coach. English. All Collections. Using Carbon. Carbon Features. Progress and nutrition graphs. Progress and nutrition graphs. Written by Carbon Diet Coach. Updated over a week ago. The "me" tab is a great way to assess your progress and nutrition to help work towards your short- and long-term goals with Carbon.. Ixl ixl math
2.41K reviews. 100K+. Downloads. Everyone. info. About this app. arrow_forward. Carbon Diet Coach is your nutrition solution for results that LAST. Whether your goal is to lose …Experienced Health And Wellness Director with a demonstrated history of working in the… | Learn more about John Ybarra, MBA’s work experience, education, connections & more by visiting their ... Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences) and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost. If you find yourself in a position where cardio levels are higher than you would consistently like them, slowly drop them or "wean them out." This can be done in many different ways. Such as, Decreasing steady-state cardio by 15-30 minutes each week. Dropping steps by 2-3,000 every week. Now that you understand the importance of compliance, why we ask you if you were compliant, let's jump into how to decide if you were compliant or not at check-in. If you use Carbon's built-in tracker, it will take your food entries and light up green for any target that you successfully hit. You will see this screen in 2 places. If you still ... Carbon Diet Coach was designed to adapt to your exercise and activity level by analyzing your weight trend over time. If you move less, your weight will likely increase. If you move more, your weight will likely decrease. Carbon will adjust accordingly to keep you on track without you changing anything in the app. Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences), Holly Baxter (MS Dietetics), and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost. Simple. Scientific. Sustainable.🧬 The smart, adaptable diet coaching app that will help you achieve long lasting results. The coach will adjust your carbs and fat based on your diet preference setting (balanced, reduced-carb, low-fat, plant-based, or ketogenic). Each of these preferences has a set carb and fat ratio in line with the type of diet. The calorie planner will adjust based on that ratio and the calories you set to eat for the day. THANK YOU FOR FOLLOWING MY CHANNEL!Here are some other ways we can stay in touch and links to products and services I mention in my videos:For daily quick ti...If you wish to update your email and/or password, this can be done by tapping settings > profile > select the field you want to update > enter the new info > save. If you are logged out of Carbon and have forgotten your password, click “forgot password.” > enter your email address > tap Reset Password. Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences) and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost. Simply select your goal, answer a few short questions, and it does the rest! The coach will adjust your carbs and fat based on your diet preference setting (balanced, reduced-carb, low-fat, plant-based, or ketogenic). Each of these preferences has a set carb and fat ratio in line with the type of diet. The calorie planner will adjust based on that ratio and the calories you set to eat for the day.Elevate your health journey with the Carbon Diet Coach app. Master your macros, maintain that calorie deficit, and reach your fitness goals like never before. Take control …Third-party integrations are not syncing. Carbon will only sync directly with Apple Health. This means that if the value is not present in that app, it will not show up in Carbon. Please verify the value is present in Apple Health. If it's not, the integration between your fitness device and Apple Health is not working correctly.Carbon Diet Coach. Mar 3, 2023. Nutrition The impact of nutrition and exercise on weight loss. Carbon Diet Coach. Mar 3, 2023. Nutrition Weight loss majors vs minors. Carbon Diet Coach. Mar 3, 2023. All articles. Download app. Get started today. Ready for a sustainable diet?Jun 14, 2023 · Carbon Diet Coach is a science-based nutrition app designed by renowned nutrition coaches Dr. Layne Norton (Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences), Holly Baxter (MS Dietetics), and Registered Dietitian Keith Kraker (BS Dietetics). It does everything a normal nutrition coach would but at a fraction of the cost. .